一、算术运算符

1.1 基本运算

a = 10
b = 3

print(a + b)  # 加法：13
print(a - b)  # 减法：7
print(a * b)  # 乘法：30
print(a / b)  # 除法：3.333...
print(a // b) # 整除：3
print(a % b)  # 取余：1
print(a ** b) # 幂运算：1000

1.2 应用场景

# 计算折扣
price = 100
discount = 0.8
final_price = price * discount

# 判断奇偶
num = 17
if num % 2 == 0:
    print("偶数")
else:
    print("奇数")

二、比较运算符

x = 5
y = 10

print(x == y)  # 等于：False
print(x != y)  # 不等于：True
print(x > y)   # 大于：False
print(x = 5)  # 大于等于：True
print(y <= 10) # 小于等于：True

三、逻辑运算符

a = True
b = False

print(a and b)  # 与：False
print(a or b)   # 或：True
print(not a)    # 非：False

# 短路求值
result = False and print("不会执行")
result = True or print("不会执行")

四、位运算符

a = 60    # 0011 1100
b = 13    # 0000 1101

print(a & b)   # 与：12  (0000 1100)
print(a | b)   # 或：61  (0011 1101)
print(a ^ b)   # 异或：49 (0011 0001)
print(~a)      # 取反：-61
print(a <> 2)  # 右移：15

五、赋值运算符

x = 10
x += 5   # x = x + 5
x -= 3   # x = x - 3
x *= 2   # x = x * 2
x /= 4   # x = x / 4
x //= 2  # x = x // 2
x %= 3   # x = x % 3
x **= 2  # x = x ** 2

六、成员运算符

fruits = ["苹果", "香蕉", "橙子"]

print("苹果" in fruits)      # True
print("葡萄" not in fruits)  # True

text = "Hello, Python!"
print("Python" in text)      # True

七、身份运算符

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [1, 2, 3]
c = a

print(a == b)    # True（值相等）
print(a is b)    # False（不是同一对象）
print(a is c)    # True（同一对象）
print(a is not b) # True

八、运算符优先级

# 优先级从高到低
# 1. 括号 ()
# 2. 幂 **
# 3. 正负 +x, -x
# 4. 算术 *, /, //, %
# 5. 算术 +, -
# 6. 比较 ==, !=, >, <
# 7. 逻辑 not, and, or

result = 2 + 3 * 4  # 14。不是 20
result = (2 + 3) * 4  # 20

九、实战示例

# 计算三角形面积（海伦公式）
import math

a, b, c = 3, 4, 5
s = (a + b + c) / 2
area = math.sqrt(s * (s-a) * (s-b) * (s-c))
print(f"面积：{area}")

# 判断闰年
year = 2024
is_leap = (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0)
print(f"{year}是闰年：{is_leap}")

十、总结

掌握运算符是 Python 编程的基础。建议多练习。

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Python 运算符与表达式详解 – 进阶篇最先出现在帝讯博客。